Brick-kiln



Y 5 Sheets- Sheet 1. C; E. COA'IES 8v LEANCOGK. BRICK KILN.

(No Model.)

meme/o `5 Sheets-Sheet 42. C. E. COATBS & L. HANCOCK.

BRICK KILN. i

Patented Dee. 22, 1896.

(No Medel.)

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G, E. COATES 8v L. HANCOCK.

BRIGK KILN.

' No. 573,445. Patented 1390.22, 1896.

- @ww/whois. I

' BRICK KILN.

No. 573,445.` Patented'Dec. 22, 1896.

Tm: MORRIS PETERS co. PHOTO-MTW.. WASHINGTON. 0. 9v

(No Model.)

5 Sheets-Sheet 5. G. GOATES & L.HANGOGK.

BRICK KILN.

Jut,

U N TTED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

CHARLES E. OOATES AND LLEVELLYN HANCOCK, OF VOODBRIDGE, NEW JERSEY.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 573,445, dated. December22, 1896;

Application filed January 25, 1896. Serial No. 576,777. (No model.)

To @ZZ whom it may concern,.-

Be it known that we, CHARLES E. CoATEs and LLEWELLYN HANCOCK, subjectsof thel Queen of Great Britain, residing at Voodbridge, in the countyot' Middlesex and State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new anduseful Improvement in Brick-Kilns, of which the following is aspecification.

Our invention relates to what are known as continuous7 brick-kilns,inwhich the drying, burning, and cooling is carried on as a continuousprocess, and wherein the heat escapingfrom the cooling-chambers isutilized for drying green brick in other chambers preparatory to ring;and our invention is designed to give greater economy and efiiciency andto insure fullcontrol of the kiln in operation.

In carrying our invention into effect we employ two main flues,preferably of different diameters. The larger of the two serves as thedraft-flue for the burning-chambers and for carrying off the products ofcombustion and the steam from the drying-chambers, and the smaller oneis mainly for conveying the hot air from the cooling-chambers to thedrying-chambers. These flues are preferably 1ocated beneath the level ofthe chambers and extend around the entire structure, under the outerwalls thereof. Each chamber is provided with two sets of flues. One setleads from the main draft-due to the top and bottom of the chamber atone end, and the other set leads from the main hot-air flue to the topand bottom of the chamber at the opposite end of the chamber. Theadjacent branch iiues which enter the tops of the chambers are connectedbya flue provided with a damper to control com munication between them.Each set of branch dues leading from the main flues is provided with adamper controlling communication with the main flues, and in addition tothese dampers each of the flues leading to the tops of the chambers isprovided with a separate damper for independently regulating theupdraft. By providing the fines extending from the top and bottom ofeach chamber to the main draft-flue an upand-down draft is produced,which results in a more uniform burning of the brick, and by providingsimilar fines leading tomain hotair iiue more hot air is conveyed fromthe cooling-chambers to the drying-chambers, the hot air being drawn outboth at the top and bottom of thecooling-chamber, and this also resultsin a more uniform cooling of the brick. The hot air entering thedrying-chambers at the top and bottom greatly facilitates the drying ofthe green brick and dries 'them evenly from the top and bottom, whichguards against the crushing of the green brick at the bottom of thechamber. This objection exists in brick-kilns where the hot air entersthe drying-chambers from the top only, in which oase the brick dry fromthe top downward, which often results in the crushing of the green brickat the bottom of the chamber, which, being still Wet, are unable tostand the weight of the mass of brick above. The drying of the brickfrom the top downward also tends to drive the moisture from the upperbrick` downward, which makes the brick at the bottom of the chamber moremoist, rendering them more liable to become crushed. This is entirelyavoided by our method of drying the brick both from the bottom and topof the chamber. The moisture and the air from the drying-chambers passout both from the top and bottom of the chamber into the main draft-duefor the burning-chambers.

To increase the draft when necessary, we provide dampers between the twomain flues at each chamber, which are designed to be opened .beyond adrying-chamber, whereby the draft is greatly increased in all thecharnbers in operation. lVe also provide lateral fines entering Vthebottom of each chamber from the exterior of the structure to permit theentrance of cold air into a burning-chamber to regulate for any desiredtemperature,

thus guarding against the burning of the brick beyond the desireddegree. Ve may also connect the branch tlues entering the top of thechambers on one side of the kiln 4with those entering the top of thechambers on the other side, and from these connections we may extend abranch through the central wall of the kiln to near the bottom of thechambers. Thus the hot air from one side may be directed to the otherside of the kiln, if desired.

Our improved kiln in one form is conlOO structed in two parallel archesjoined at the ends by curved arches and the Whole covered with brick andearth. The lues leading from the top of the arches are built directlyover the ar; hes through the brick and earth covering to the main flues.Where it is desired to have an open-top kiln, we provide vertical pipesor flues built within the outer walls and extending upward from the mainflues, and these vertical flues are connected by relnovable pipes withopenings provided in the covering for the mass of green brick in thechambers.

The mass of green bricks preferably covered by several layers of brickand a covering layer of sand. The green bricks are piled up in thechambers in the usual manner, with vertical passages for the fuel inline with the fuel-holes in the top of the structure and with lateralpassages to permit the radiation of heat and cold air to facilitate thedrying, burning, and cooling of the brick.

Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in Which-Figure lis a side elevation and partial central vertical section; Fig.2, a top plan view and partial horizontal section; Fig. 3, a verticalcross-section showing the arches; Fig. 4, an enlarged verticalcross-section of one arch; Fig. 5, an enlarged horizontal section of oneof the chimney-corners of the structure; Fig. 6, an elevation of thebase of the chimney. Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively a partial verticalcross-section an d a partial plan view, illustrating an open-top kiln;and Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a number of chambers andtheir connection by branch flues with the main iiues.

Referring to the drawings, A A are the foundations upon which the twoarches B B are built.

C C are the outer walls of the structure, and C isthe roof. The archesand the outer walls are connected by transverse webs c, and theintervening spaces are filled with earth or other suitable material.Extending around the entire structure under the outer walls are the twomain flues D and E, the iiuev D being the draft-flue for theburningchambers and for carrying olf the products of combustion to thestack, and theflue E is for conveying the hot air from thecoolingchambers to the drying chambers. Both main flues beyond thedrying-chambers may be employed to carry off the steam and air from thedrying-chambers. The two arches are provided with ribs a at uniformdistances apart, which mark the chambers for piling up the brick. InFig. 2 of the drawings sixteen of such chambersA are indicated. For eachchamber branch iiues D and E', at opposite ends of the chambers, areprovided. These iiues lead from the top of the chambers and connect,respectively, with the main flues D and E, and the flues D and E ofadjacent chambers are connected by a short flue F. In line with theflues D and E' are branch iiues D2 and E2, Fig. l, also connect-ing, re-

spectively, with the main lues D and E and entering the chambers nearthe oor.

For controllingcomm unication between the main flues D and E and thebranch flues D D2 and E and E2, respectively, dampers d and e areprovided, which are accessible through the side walls of the structure,and in addition to these dampers the flues D' and E are provided withseparate dampers d and e', which are controlled from the roof of thestructure by suitable rods passing down through the walls of thestructure. The openings o in the top ofthe arches where the iiues D andE enter are provided with suitable covers o, accessible from the. roofof the structure for controlling communication between the chambers andsaid nues, and the short fiues F, connecting the adjacent openings o,are provided with dampers f.

The main flues E are provided with dampers 7i opposite each chamber fordirecting the hot airfrom the cooling-chambers into the dryingchambers,and opposite each chamber is also placed a damper hl for controllingcommunication between the two main iiues for regulating the draft. Thedampers h are designed to be opened beyond the drying-chambers toincrease the draft in the main flue D when necessary.

Each chamber is provided with an entrance II, and the dampers h and h',before referred to, are accessible at these entrances. At each side ofent-rance II are openings d2 and c2, through which the dampers d and care accessible. The entrances II and openings d2 and c2 are closed withbrick and clay during the operation of the kiln, as is customary. Thechambers at the four corners of the structure are each provided with anextra pair of flues D and D2, Figs. 2 and 5, connecting with the mainflue D. The object of these additional Iiues is to balance the draft atthe curved ends of the arches. The flues for admitting cold air toregulate the temperature of the burning-chambers are indicated at G andextend under the floor of the chambers, two being shown for each chamberand having openings g. These liues extend to the exterior of thestructure and are provided with suitable doors or covers. (Not shown.)

Both main lues communicate with the stacks S, and both lues are providedwith dampers 'L' t, Fig. 5, at each side of the stack. Then the kiln isworked in two sections, one stack for each section, dampers t' on oneside of the stacks are closed to prevent back draft. The stacks S arealso provided with dampers 27, Fig. 1, located within the stacks forshutting them off entirely from the main flues when it is desired towork the kiln with one stack only, and thereby increasing the draft. Insuch case all the dampers t' will be opened at the stack whose damper i.is closed. The stacks are provided with double walls, leaving spaces s,Fig. 2, which allow for expansion and contraction.

In the open-top kiln illustrated in Fig. 7

ICO

IIO

the green bricks are stacked almost as high as the walls of thestructure, and over the green brick for a covering several layers C2 offinished brick are placed and the whole covered with a layer C3 of sandor other suitable material. In this form of `kiln the iiues D and E risevertically in the side walls of the structure, and pipes F connectadjacent chambers similarly to the branch flues F in the arched kiln.The pipes F are connected with flues D and E by cross-pipes P. In adouble open-top kiln having sixteen chambers, eight on each side, aboutfour sets of the pipes F and P are required on each side, and thesepipes are removed from one chamber to another as the operation of thekiln proceeds. With the exceptions j ust noted the flues and theircontrolling-dampers are the same in the arched and open-top kilns, as isalso the mode of operation.

The green b ricks are stacked in the chambers in the usual manner, withspaces in line with the fuel-feeding holes'O, and lateral passages arealso formed to permit the radiation of heat in all directions tothoroughly and uniformly burn the brick, and also to permit the heatfrom a cooling-chamber to radiate entirely through the mass of greenbrick in a dryingchamber, as is well understood. The ribs amai-k theends of the chambers, and in stacking the green brick, when a rib a isreached, a heavy paper partition is placed over the pile of brick, asusual.

In practice our kiln may be operated by carrying on the drying, burning,and cooling separately in the two sides of the kiln in the samedirection, so that the two sides are operated practically as independentkilns, the work in one side following up the work in the other side, or,if desired, the kiln may be operated from one side, working around theentire structure instead of working from both ends.

The operation of our improved kiln is as follows, assuming that thebrick in the diagonally opposite chambers l have already been burned andare cooling and that the brick in chambers 2 and 3 are burning, that thegreen brick in chambers 4 are fully dried, and that the green brick inchambers 5 and G are being dried by the heat escaping from chambers l,in which the brick are cooling: To operate in this manner, the covers 0'at the crownof chambers l, controlling communication with flue E', willbe removed and dampers e and e of that flue will be open, and thedampers 7i in the main flue E will be open opposite chambers l to 6 andclosed at `7, and the dampers e and c of flues E and E2 at chambers 5and 6 will be open and the covers o for openings o, to which the iiues Eof those two chambers lead, will be removed and the dampers f in theconnecting-nues F at those chambers will be closed. Thus the hot airfrom chambers l passes out at the top and bottom through their ilues Eand E2 into main flues E and into chambers 5 and 6 at the top and bottomthrough their flues E and E2. To regulate the entrance of the hot airinto chambers 5 and 6, the dampers@ and e' may be adjusted to directmore or less hot air into either iiue E or E2, causing more or less hotair to enter the top or bottom of the chamber to meet all requirements.Under the conditions assumed the brick in chambers 2 are burned to aboutthe desired degree, the burning of the brick in chambers 3 beingwellunder way and the brick in chambers 4 just fired. All connectionsbetween chambers 2, 3, and 4 with main flue E are shut off, and thedampers of iues D and D2 at chambers 2 are also closed. At chambers 3the covers o are, removed and the dampers d and CZ', controllingcommunication with main ilue D, are open, producing an up-and-down draftin those chambers, and at chambers 4 the covers o' are in place anddampers d are closed, but dampers d are open, producing a downdraftonly. As A the fire reaches chamber 5 the position of the variousdampers are altered to correspond ,with the positions justdescribed,and'these changes are made progressively, as will be readilyunthe operation described it may be desired to burn in chambers 3 with adowndraft only and in chambers 4 with an up-and-down draft the dampers dand d and covers o' may be adjusted to operate in that manner, and, asbefore stated, the various dampers maybe opened partially or entirely tomeet different conditions or requirements.

The operation will be'thc same when the kiln is worked from one sideonly, and this applies also to the open-top kiln.

What we claim isl. The lcombination ina continuous brickkiln, of a maindraft-flue leading to the stack, branch flues from said draft-iiue tothe upper and lower part of each section of the kiln, and dampers forcontrolling communication between said branch flues anddraft-fluewhereby the kiln may be operated with an upand-down draft, a hot-air(iue, branch flues IOO IIO

extending therefrom to each section of the kiln, and dampers in the saidlast-named branch flues and in the hot-air flue for directing the hotair from the cooling-sections to the drying-sections, substantially asset forth.

2. The combination in a continuous brickkiln, of a main draft-lineleading tothe stack,

`branch iiues from said draft-fine to the upper ISO main hot-air fluewhereby the hot air from the cooling-sections escapes at the top andbottom of each section, and whereby such hot air may be directed intothe drying-sections at the lower or upper parts thereof, or both,substantially as set forth.

3. The combination in a continuous brickkiln, of two main iiues, branchiiues extending therefrom to each section of the kiln, and dampersopposite each section of the kiln for controlling communication betweensaid main iiues, by the manipulation of which the draft in the mainflues may be regulated, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, in a continuous brickkiln, of two main flues D andE, branch tlues D', D2and E', E2 extending from the main fluesrespectively to the top and bottom of each chamber, dampers forcontrolling communication between said branch and main iiues, anddampers in the main flue Eopposite each chamber, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

5. The combination, in a continuous brickkiln, of two main flues D andE, branch flue-s D,D2 and E', E2 extending from the main fluesrespectively to the top and bottom of each chamber, dampers forcontrolling communication between said branch and main ues, a ilue Fconnecting the fines D' and E of adjacentchambers, and dampers in themain iiue E opposite each chamber, substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

G. The combination, in a continuous brickkiln, of two main flues D andE, branch lines D', D2 and E', E2 extending from said main fluesrespectively to the top and bottom of each chamber, dampers forcontrolling communication between said branch and main flues, separatedampers d and c in iiues D and E' respectively, a flue F connecting theiiues D and E of adjacent chambers, dampers f in said liues F, anddampers h in the main iiue E opposite each chamber, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

7. The combination in a continuous brickkiln, of two stacks, a maindraft-flue extending entirely around thekiln and communicating with bothstacks, branch iiues extending from said main flue to each section ofthe kiln,

land dampers in said main flue whereby the kiln may be Workedindependently in two sections in either direction, or as one continuouskiln in either direction, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination in a continuous brickkiln, of two stacks, a maindraft-line extending entirely around the kiln and com municating withboth stacks, branch fines extending` from said main ilue to each sectionof the kiln, dampers in the main draft-flue at each side of bothstacks., by the adjustment of which the kiln may be worked independentlyin two sections in either direction, and a damper in each stack forcutting out of use either stack to operate as one continuous kiln witheither stack, substantially as set forth.

9. In acontinuous brick-kiln, the combination of a main draft-Hueextending entirely around the kiln, branch flues extending therefrom toeach section of the kiln, two stacks located at opposite points and withwhich said main draft-Hue communicates, a main hot-air flue, branchiiues extending therefrom to each section of the kiln, andcontrollingydampers for said main and branch flues and said stacks,substantially as set forth.

` l0. The combination, in acontinuous brickkiln, having a number ofchambers or sections, of the main hot-air flue, branch fines extendingfrom said hot-air iiue to each section,whereby the hot air from acooling-section is conducted to the drying-sections in advance of theburning-sections, and crossover connections from the sections on oneside of the kiln to the sections on the other side of the kiln, wherebythe hot air from the cooling-sections on one side of the kiln may beconducted to the drying-sections on the opposite side of the kilnindependently of the main hot-air flue, substantially as set forth.

ll. The combination, in a continuous brickkiln, having` a number ofchambers or sections arranged in two rows with a dividing- Wall betweenthe two rows, of a main hot-air flue extending entirely around thestructure, branch lines extending from said main hotair flue to eachsection, whereby the hot air from a cooling-section is conducted to thedrying-sections in advance of the burning-sections, and crossoverconnections from the sections on one side of the kiln to the sections onthe other side of the kiln,whereby the hot air from the cooling-sectionson one side of the kiln may be conducted to the drying-sections on theopposite side of the kiln independently of the main hot-air flue,substantially as set forth.

This specification signed and witnessed this 6th day of January, 1896.

CHARLES E. COATES. LLEWELLYN HANCOCK.

Witnesses:

J. V. FREEMAN, E. M. CLARK.

